Solar Models: Current Epoch and Time Dependences, Neutrinos, and Helioseismological Properties



Normalized solar luminosity vs. solar age for the standard solar model (solid curve) and for three "deficient" solar models: the No Diffusion model (dotted curve), the S34 = 0 model (short-dashed curve), and the Mixed model (long-dashed curve).
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Depth of the convective zone, R(CZ,t), as a function of age for the standard solar model. The depth of the convective zone is approximately proportional to the contemporary solar radius. The solar age is measured in units of 109 yr.
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Mass included within the convective zone, M(CZ,t), as a function of age for the standard solar model. The mass of the convective zone is measured in units of M (today), and the solar age is measured in units of 109yr. The mass of the convective zone is approximately proportional to R(t)-2.
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Temporal evolution of the central temperature, density, pressure, and hydrogen mass fraction. The figure shows the computed values for the standard solar model of the central temperature (solid line), pressure (dot-dashed line), density (dashed line), and hydrogen mass fraction (dotted line).
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Electron number density, ne, vs. solar radius for the standard solar model (BP2000). The straight-line fit shown is an approximation given by Bahcall (1989).
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Predicted vs. measured sound speeds. The figure shows the excellent agreement between the calculated sound speeds for the standard solar model (BP2000) and the helioseismologically measured (Sun) sound speeds. The horizontal line at 0.0 represents the hypothetical case in which the calculated sound speeds and the measured sound speeds agree exactly everywhere in the Sun.
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Calculated solar sound speed vs. radius for the standard solar model, BP2000. To an accuracy of about 0.5 km s-1 the calculated and observed sound speeds are the same.
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Six precise helioseismological measurements vs. BP2000. The figure compares the fractional difference between the sound speeds calculated for the standard solar model (BP2000) and the sound speeds in six helioseismological experiments.
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